If you did not finish reading "Winter Dreams" in class on B-day, you can find the text at this website: http://www.sc.edu/fitzgerald/winterd/winter.html
Remember that your literature circle products for this text are due in class on Friday, January 30th.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Literature Circle Roles
Facilitators/Plot Summarizers
1. List and number important occurrences in the chapter in the order that we see them as the reader.
2. Log keeper for the group—after the group works on the chapter this person will submit what was accomplished, by whom, concerns in the group, questions that the members have.
3. This person will also be in charge of facilitating the group meeting for the chapter. Be sure everyone has a chance to share with the group.
Mind Mappers
1. This person will create a visual/symbolic representation that takes the viewer through the chapter. Drawings, illustrations, and colors are expected and encouraged. Words should be kept to a minimum.
2. Mind maps must be accompanied by a brief (1/2 page) interpretation of their illustration. Please note that this should be on a separate piece of paper from the mind map.
Character Trackers
1. This person is to have a list of all characters who make an appearance in the chapter to give to the group.
2. Characters are to be listed as “major,” “minor,” or “part of the background.” (Major and minor characters have names.)
3. Each character that has a major impact/role within the chapter should be tracked. What do the characters do? What changes do the characters undergo? What archetypal character masks do the major characters wear? What new information do we gain about each of the characters in the chapter?
Text Connecters
1. This person will be looking for examples of power as outlined by French and Raven (not all chapters will include all 5 types of power). This person will also be expected to clearly explain how the cited example illustrates the power type.
2. Vocabulary Master for the group—this person is expected to have any words that are unknown typed and defined for the chapter. Copies are to be made for the group members. Vocabulary quizzes will be given periodically.
1. List and number important occurrences in the chapter in the order that we see them as the reader.
2. Log keeper for the group—after the group works on the chapter this person will submit what was accomplished, by whom, concerns in the group, questions that the members have.
3. This person will also be in charge of facilitating the group meeting for the chapter. Be sure everyone has a chance to share with the group.
Mind Mappers
1. This person will create a visual/symbolic representation that takes the viewer through the chapter. Drawings, illustrations, and colors are expected and encouraged. Words should be kept to a minimum.
2. Mind maps must be accompanied by a brief (1/2 page) interpretation of their illustration. Please note that this should be on a separate piece of paper from the mind map.
Character Trackers
1. This person is to have a list of all characters who make an appearance in the chapter to give to the group.
2. Characters are to be listed as “major,” “minor,” or “part of the background.” (Major and minor characters have names.)
3. Each character that has a major impact/role within the chapter should be tracked. What do the characters do? What changes do the characters undergo? What archetypal character masks do the major characters wear? What new information do we gain about each of the characters in the chapter?
Text Connecters
1. This person will be looking for examples of power as outlined by French and Raven (not all chapters will include all 5 types of power). This person will also be expected to clearly explain how the cited example illustrates the power type.
2. Vocabulary Master for the group—this person is expected to have any words that are unknown typed and defined for the chapter. Copies are to be made for the group members. Vocabulary quizzes will be given periodically.
Friday, January 23, 2009
Format of the Business Letter
If you need more info on the format of the business letter, try this website (from UW Madison): http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/BusLetter_Block.html
Active vs. Passive Voice
Transitive verbs appear in either the active or passive voice. In the active voice, the subject of the sentence does the action; in the passive voice, the subject receives the action.
Active:
The committee reached a decision.
Passive:
A decision was reached by the committee.
The problem? Although both voices are grammatically correct, the active voice is usually more effective because it is simpler and more direct. Consider a familiar phrase as evidence:
She sells seashells by the seashore.
Seashells are sold by her at the seashore.
To transform a sentence from the passive voice to the active voice, make the actor the subject of the sentence. Do so with the following sentence.
For the opening flag ceremony, a dance was choreographed by Mr. Martins to the song “Two Hundred Years and Still a Baby.”
Although this rule is generally true, there are a few situations where the passive voice is particularly useful. First, use the passive voice to express an action where the actor is unknown.
An error has been found in your bank statement.
Second, use the passive voice to express an action in which it is desirable not to disclose the actor.
The jewels were stolen last night.
Third, if the action rather than the actor is to be emphasized, the passive voice is appropriate.
The actress was celebrated and applauded by the audience.
Active:
The committee reached a decision.
Passive:
A decision was reached by the committee.
The problem? Although both voices are grammatically correct, the active voice is usually more effective because it is simpler and more direct. Consider a familiar phrase as evidence:
She sells seashells by the seashore.
Seashells are sold by her at the seashore.
To transform a sentence from the passive voice to the active voice, make the actor the subject of the sentence. Do so with the following sentence.
For the opening flag ceremony, a dance was choreographed by Mr. Martins to the song “Two Hundred Years and Still a Baby.”
Although this rule is generally true, there are a few situations where the passive voice is particularly useful. First, use the passive voice to express an action where the actor is unknown.
An error has been found in your bank statement.
Second, use the passive voice to express an action in which it is desirable not to disclose the actor.
The jewels were stolen last night.
Third, if the action rather than the actor is to be emphasized, the passive voice is appropriate.
The actress was celebrated and applauded by the audience.
Ethos, Pathos, Logos...
If you would like additional information on the elements of persuasion, try this website: http://courses.durhamtech.edu/perkins/aris.html
Otherwise, try these definitions below:
Logos: The Greek word logos is the basis for the English word logic. Logos is a broader idea than formal logic--the highly sybolic and mathematical logic that you might study in a philosophy course. Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the intellect, the general meaning of "logical argument." Everyday arguments rely heavily on ethos and pathos, but academic arguments rely more on logos. Yes, these arguments will call upon the writers' credibility and try to touch the audience's emotions, but there will more often than not be logical chains of reasoning supporting all claims.
Ethos: Ethos is related to the English word ethics and refers to the trustworthiness of the speaker/writer. Ethos is an effective persuasive strategy because when we believe that the speaker does not intend to do us harm, we are more willing to listen to what s/he has to say. For example, when a trusted doctor gives you advice, you may not understand all of the medical reasoning behind the advice, but you nonetheless follow the directions because you believe that the doctor knows what s/he is talking about. Likewise, when a judge comments on legal precedent audiences tend to listen because it is the job of a judge to know the nature of past legal cases.
Pathos: Pathos is related to the words pathetic, sympathy and empathy. Whenever you accept a claim based on how it makes you feel without fully analyzing the rationale behind the claim, you are acting on pathos. They may be any emotions: love, fear, patriotism, guilt, hate or joy. A majority of arguments in the popular press are heavily dependent on pathetic appeals. The more people react without full consideration for the WHY, the more effective an argument can be. Although the pathetic appeal can be manipulative, it is the cornerstone of moving people to action. Many arguments are able to persuade people logically, but the apathetic audience may not follow through on the call to action. Appeals to pathos touch a nerve and compel people to not only listen, but to also take the next step and act in the world.
Otherwise, try these definitions below:
Logos: The Greek word logos is the basis for the English word logic. Logos is a broader idea than formal logic--the highly sybolic and mathematical logic that you might study in a philosophy course. Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the intellect, the general meaning of "logical argument." Everyday arguments rely heavily on ethos and pathos, but academic arguments rely more on logos. Yes, these arguments will call upon the writers' credibility and try to touch the audience's emotions, but there will more often than not be logical chains of reasoning supporting all claims.
Ethos: Ethos is related to the English word ethics and refers to the trustworthiness of the speaker/writer. Ethos is an effective persuasive strategy because when we believe that the speaker does not intend to do us harm, we are more willing to listen to what s/he has to say. For example, when a trusted doctor gives you advice, you may not understand all of the medical reasoning behind the advice, but you nonetheless follow the directions because you believe that the doctor knows what s/he is talking about. Likewise, when a judge comments on legal precedent audiences tend to listen because it is the job of a judge to know the nature of past legal cases.
Pathos: Pathos is related to the words pathetic, sympathy and empathy. Whenever you accept a claim based on how it makes you feel without fully analyzing the rationale behind the claim, you are acting on pathos. They may be any emotions: love, fear, patriotism, guilt, hate or joy. A majority of arguments in the popular press are heavily dependent on pathetic appeals. The more people react without full consideration for the WHY, the more effective an argument can be. Although the pathetic appeal can be manipulative, it is the cornerstone of moving people to action. Many arguments are able to persuade people logically, but the apathetic audience may not follow through on the call to action. Appeals to pathos touch a nerve and compel people to not only listen, but to also take the next step and act in the world.
Tuesday, January 6, 2009
Due dates for the Persuasive Essay
All homework must be typed to be considered
Monday, January 12th:
Clearly stated problem (must be focused);
Proposed solution (Identify what should be done and by whom); Audience identified.
Only day in media center for research. Your homework is your ticket in.
Friday, January 16th:
Copies of your two credible sources printed out and annotated for information that you can use to build your case.
Name and address of the audience of your letter
“A” Day January 20th or 21st:
Introductory paragraph.
Acknowledgement of opposition and refutation.
Friday, January 23rd:
Body paragraphs with embedded citations.
Monday, January 26th:
Conclusion.
Friday, January 30th:
Completed copy of your letter for peer review.
Monday, February 2nd:
Due date for letter to be eligible for bonus opportunity.
Tuesday, February 3rd and Wednesday, February 4th:
Letter accepted for full-credit. No bonus opportunity.
Thursday, February 5th:
Letter accepted for half-credit.
Monday, January 12th:
Clearly stated problem (must be focused);
Proposed solution (Identify what should be done and by whom); Audience identified.
Only day in media center for research. Your homework is your ticket in.
Friday, January 16th:
Copies of your two credible sources printed out and annotated for information that you can use to build your case.
Name and address of the audience of your letter
“A” Day January 20th or 21st:
Introductory paragraph.
Acknowledgement of opposition and refutation.
Friday, January 23rd:
Body paragraphs with embedded citations.
Monday, January 26th:
Conclusion.
Friday, January 30th:
Completed copy of your letter for peer review.
Monday, February 2nd:
Due date for letter to be eligible for bonus opportunity.
Tuesday, February 3rd and Wednesday, February 4th:
Letter accepted for full-credit. No bonus opportunity.
Thursday, February 5th:
Letter accepted for half-credit.
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